Title

Penny Tarnishing.

Problem Scenario

What beverages could affect a person worse. So it shows which ones have more acid.

Broad Question

Does different beverages affect tarnish of penny.

Specific Question

Does the different types of beverages/Soda, kool aid, Gatorade, water have a different amount of tarnishing on a penny.

Hypothesis

My hypothesis is that if i add soda to the penny it will cause tarnishing of the penny.

Graph of Hypothesis

Variables

Independent Variable:

The different types of beverages.

Dependent Variable:

The measurement of the tarnishing.

Variables That Need To Be Controlled:

One of the pennies would be kept in a controlled glass of water. The same amount of the beverages would be added in the cup. i would also make sure that the cups were clean and were the same material so that would not affect the amount of tarnishing.

Vocabulary List That Needs Explanation

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General Plan

I am going to fill four cups with different beverages/ soda, kool aid, gatorade, and water for a control test. then i will put the pennies in each one before i do that i will measure the mass of the penny. then after the test is done i will wash off the pennies and then measure the mass of the penny after the tarnishing.

Potential Problems And Solutions

Getting different beverages in your eyes we could prevent that by wearing eye protection.

Safety Or Environmental Concerns

Getting soda in your eyes or slipping on the soda or other beverage if spilled.

Experimental Design

(add the correct headings from the experimental design page before beginning)

What is your experimental unit?

One hour, And the amount of tarnishing.

Number Of Trials:

I will be doing 3 tests for each beverage.

Number Of Subjects In Each trial:

I will be doing 3 tests for each of the beverages

Number of Observations:

i will take ten observations

When data will be collected

I will collect my data in the middle and end of the test.

Where will data be collected?:

I will collect my data at my house.

Comparative Study

Number Of Comparison Categories:

four

Number of Comparison Samples:

12

Number Of Observation In Each Sample:

5 in each test.

When data will be collected

The data will be collected on the 6th

Where will data be collected?:

the data will be collected at my house in an environment with a controlled temperature.

Descriptive Study

Item or process to be described:

The different types of beverages will affect the tarnishing of the pennies.

Methods of observation:

I will measure the amount of the beverages added and i will measure the mass of the pennies.

How many sample will you use to form your description?

i will base my data off the mass and the amount of soda added.

Measurements to be collected:

mass
amount of beverage
amount of acid

When data will be collected

The data will be collected on the 6th

Where will data be collected?:

The data will be collected at my house in a controlled temperature.

Innovation

What is your experimental unit?

4 pennies and 4 different beverages.

Number Of Trials:

I will be doing 3 trials of each beverage.

Number Of Subjects In Each trial:

There are 4 subjects in each trial.

Number of Observations:

60

When data will be collected

the data will be collected on the 6th

Where will data be collected?:

It will be collected in my house in a controlled temperature room.

Resources and Budget Table

Item	Number needed	Where I will get this	Cost
soda/cola	one bottle	hanaford	1 dollar
kool aid	one bottle	hanaford	1 dollar
gatorade	one bottle	hanaford	1 dollar
timer	1	my house	no cost
penny	12	MY house	12cents

Detailed Procedure

1. I will get my materials/ cola, Gatorade, kool aid, water, timer, measuring cups
2. The i will measure the original mass of the four pennies before.
3.I will place the pennies in the different beverages.
4. i will do 3 tests for each beverage.
5 Then i will take pictures of the test while its going on/ before during and after
6.Then i will time the tests for even amount of time/ 1 hour,2 hour,3 hour.
7.I will then during the test i will make observations of what i see.
8. After the test is done i will take the pennies out and wash them off.
9. Then i will measure the mass to see if there had been any change.
10. Then i will write down the data and make a conclusion.
11. on the 6th i will do the actual test.
12. i will perform my test in my house in a controlled temperature room with the same temperature beverages.
13. if the mass of the pennies are different before the test i will just average them out to find the normal mass and go from there.

Diagram

Photo List

Before,during and after.

Time Line

1st finish wiki
on the 6th collect my data
on the 7th i will finish my conclusion
8th i will do my final work

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Data Table

kool aid	.02g	.0152g	.014g
gatorade	.03g	.025g	.027g
soda	.45g	.47g	.42g
water	.012g	.013g	.0145

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Data Analysis

All Raw Data

Graphs

Photos

I will be taking pictures before, during, and after the test.

Results

Soda- the soda was there for 2 hours and the penny was affected by it the most.

Conclusion

The soda had the most amount of decrease on the pennies total mass. Also my hypothesis was correct in stating that the soda would have the largest affect in the changing mass of the penny. I then did more research on the ingredient and the corrosion was caused by the citric acid and general acid.

Discussion

In my experiment i was testing what beverage/ Cola, kool-aid, Gatorade, or water would affect the amount of tarnish on a penny the most. The data showed some trends like the fact that the more citric acid the drink had the more the penny would tarnish. The relationship between my independent and dependent variables isn't that strong but you can still see some type of pattern in the data. I was able to answer the experimental question and the data showed that the cola had a larger affect on the amount of tarnishing of the penny. My experiment went well and there wasn't really any problems or any errors in my data. I think that the experiment could have been improved by adding more different beverages to get a wide variety i also think that my experiment could have been improved by doing more tests and then find which beverage made the pennies tarnish the most.

Benefit to Community and/or Science

Background Research

My back round research shows that the average soda has a high amount of acid in the soda which should cause the penny amount to tarnishing. The other beverages like Gatorade kool aid, and water they have traits and ingredients that could affect the amount of tarnishing of the pennies but the data shows that the soda will have the largest affect. Also i found that pennies are affected extremely by the acid that is found i soda, Gatorade kool aid which i think will cause an affect. Also the amount of time that i will be putting them in for is supposed to be the amount of time that the soda will stay slightly carbonated. Pennies are made of zinc coated steel cents. Tarnish is caused by environmental weather like air, water, dirt, and oil. Tarnish is when those elements cause an object to deteriorate after being exposed.

References

http://www.querycat.com/question/7f35f10efde27db94388e31a2c9b160f
http://productnutrition.thecoca-colacompany.com/products/coca-cola

Abstract

My experiment is testing what different types of beverages/ cola, kool-aid, gatorade, water. In my hypothesis i had stated that the cola would have the largest affect of the amount of tarnish of the penny. After doing the real experiment i was able to confirm that my hypothesis was correct and the cola had the largest affect on the amount of tarnish on the penny. My plan was too fill 1 cup of each beverage and put a penny in for 2 hours, after doing 3 trials each. the conclusion of the whole experiment is that each beverage worked a little but the cola had the largest affect on the amount of tarnish. My back round research shows that the cola has the largest amount of citric acid and the carbonation will tear at the penny. the data that i had collected shows that the cola had the largest affect. I did three trials for each of the different types of beverages. I will be taking these tests in a controlled temperature room with the same temperature beverages. I also will take the tests with the same amount of each beverage.